System design interviews can feel overwhelming, but they follow a predictable pattern. Success hinges not on knowing every technology, but on structuring your thinking clearly. This post outlines a robust framework you can apply to classic problems like URL shorteners and real-time chat applicati...
Domain-Driven Design (DDD) is often praised for its strategic clarity, but it can fall flat if tactical implementation is sloppy. One of the most critical, yet frequently mishandled, components is the Domain Event. When implemented correctly, domain events allow different bounded contexts to reac...
Testing an AI model is fundamentally different from testing traditional software. In conventional development, you have deterministic outputs: given input A, the system must return output B. In AI, especially with Large Language Models (LLMs) and probabilistic neural networks, the "correct" answe...
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have become the backbone of modern enterprise AI applications. However, as these systems grow in complexity, they introduce new attack surfaces that traditional security models often overlook. One of the most under-discussed risks in RAG architectures ...
Distributed Large Language Model (LLM) inference has transformed from a static batch processing task into a dynamic, stateful operation. While traditional web servers treat requests as independent units, modern LLMs rely heavily on the Key-Value (KV) cache to maintain context across multiple infe...
As Large Language Models (LLMs) move from experimental prototypes to production-critical infrastructure, the concept of "Prompt Testing" has emerged as a non-negotiable engineering discipline. Unlike traditional software where inputs produce deterministic outputs, LLMs introduce probabilistic var...
The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has reshaped the software landscape, but the true catalyst behind their widespread adoption is not just raw compute power—it is legal clarity. Among the various licensing frameworks, the Apache 2.0 license has emerged as the gold standard for en...